What is a Solar Panel?

Last Updated on 2 years by admin

A solar panel is a device that converts solar energy into DC current. There are two types of panels. 

• Polycrystalline
• Monocrystalline (mono panel)

Most of these polycrystalline solar panel panels come in blue. It is comparatively less efficient but more resistant to temperature, suits even countries near the equator.

The monocrystalline solar panel looks almost black. Monocrystalline solar panel efficiency is higher, but they are made to suit countries with a cold climate. It is said to be more productive, even at low temperatures.

Difference between panel types

Solar panels are available in different watt sizes between 10-400w.

Solar panels are made by connecting the solar cell in series. For example, if we wanted to make an 18v panel, we’d have to buy 36 cells since the voltage per cell is 0.5. With the price of a solar panel nowadays, no one even thinks of making their own panel uncles it’s for an experiment or DYE project.

In this article, we focus on off-grid systems, therefore the best suitable panels for a 12V system that is less than 150W. For 24V systems, we can go for a bit higher wattage panel. We will be discussing further on this in the Charger Controller section. 

Behind each branded panels, you can find a sticker that includes all technical data.

Peak Power – is the maximum number of watts it can provide.

Voc (V) – is the maximum voltage shown before connecting a panel to a load. We can measure this using a multimeter.

Vmp (V) – maximum voltage is shown when a load connects.

Imp (A) – is the maximum ampere given by the panel while being connected to a load.

Isc (A) – maximum amp that shows if short the panel wires.

Maximum system voltage – is the maximum system voltage that can flow when we connect the panels in series.

Besides, the size of the panel, weight, the brand is also printed on the sticker.

In summary, I hope this post was supportive enough to identify the most suitable Panel Type and Wattage for your solar system. The next important part is the Charger Controller.